Friday, May 30, 2014

Seeking Peace Within Ourselves: Naso

Seeking Peace Within Ourselves: D’var Torah for Parashat Naso
By Rabbi Boaz D. Heilman

The opening of the book of Numbers creates an idealized picture of the Israelite camp.  Organized by tribes, they are each given specific roles—some in the defense of the people, others in the maintenance, upkeep and porterage of the Tabernacle.

Everybody knows what is expected of him and her, and everybody does exactly as is expected.

It is an impossible ideal.  We are, after all, dealing with people.  Real people, each with his and her own thoughts, feelings, aspirations and failures.

It shouldn’t come as a surprise, therefore, that the first dangers the Torah warns us against are not external.  It isn’t other tribes and peoples that loom menacingly on the horizon, but rather another, much closer source.  This danger rises from deep within us.  Unchecked, it can wreak havoc and even result in violence and warfare.

Parashat Naso, Numbers 4:21—7:89, deals with two fierce emotions, love and faith.  These very qualities which we value most within ourselves can easily be distorted to become jealousy and zealotry.  From social and cultural ties that bind us to one another, they can become transformed into brutal and vicious acts of violence and hatred.

It’s hard to understand what could possibly take love and turn it to jealousy.  Far from opposites, the two emotions seem intertwined.  And yet a trigger exists—if only in our imagination—that can turn love into murderous rage.

The results are all too tragic and familiar to us.

Similarly, too, with faith.  When stirred, this beautiful emotion can take insignificant particles of ashes and dust and turn them into b’nai adam, human beings, created and graced by none less than the immortal spirit of all life.  Yet when agitated into a mad frenzy, faith can turn upon itself and reduce life back to its lifeless components of dust and ashes.

Passions can burn fiercely, and that makes them dangerous.

As a cure, or at least as a way of controlling these treacherous emotions, the Torah offers rituals whose purpose is to let time work its cooling magic.  In the case of a jealous husband who suspects his wife of adultery but has no proof of it, a ritual is prescribed that first separates the couple.  The wife is handed over to a priest, a hopefully objective individual who will administer a magical oath and make the woman drink some vile liquid to prove her innocence.

It’s a disgusting ritual, to be sure.  It is terrifying and it is demeaning.  But it saves the woman’s life.  Whatever it is that goes into the bitter potion may produce shame and fear, but it doesn’t kill.

Far from ideal solution—at least by our modern sensibilities—in its time the Ritual of the Bitter Water was actually a huge step forward for culture and civility.  Time and physical separation let passions cool; rational investigation could take place, and hopefully a loving relationship was then restored.

We still do not understand this passion that turns love into violence, but we do know that jealousy is an integral part of our psychological makeup.  Ancient as well as modern legal systems have always tried to stem this human obsession, but it may just be too deeply rooted within us.  It can only be controlled, and the first step must always be the same:  the jealous party must be separated from the suspect.  Justice is the opposite of revenge.  It may not always work perfectly, but it is the best we have.  And if it saves a life, then so much the better for us all.

And zealotry?

How many religious wars can we count in human history?

How many murders or acts of terror in the name of this god or another? 

The image of the zealot may be popular in our imagination.  T. E. Lawrence may have actually been a narcissistic seeker of glory and adventure, but through the lens of movie director David Lean, he becomes Lawrence of Arabia, a mythical icon of passion and courage who rouses Arab armies and leads them into battle against corrupt colonialist powers. 

But in the process, Lawrence unleashed a tsunami of jihads and holy wars that has lasted nearly a century and continues to this day.

The Nazirite—the Torah’s version of the religious zealot—is a person so devoted to his God that he forgoes the luxuries and comforts of society.  The injunctions against imbibing wine or other intoxicants can make the Nazirite a social outcast.  Unbound by civil law or regulation, he might become a danger to others as well as himself.  It is for that reason that the Torah regulates the term and conditions of this religious ascetic. For the duration of his vow of abstinence, he must watch his behavior so that it never strays too far from the norms established by society.  It isn’t only alcohol he must stay away from; death, too, in all its forms is out of bounds for the Nazirite.  He must not go into cemeteries, not even for his parents, brother or sister.  Even accidental contact with a dead body or carcass invalidates his vows so that he must start again from the beginning.

The Torah thus tries to ensure that religious zealotry does not go beyond the bounds of reason and ration. 

Finally, when the term of the Nazirite is complete, he is brought back into society in gratitude and celebration. 

Thank God, indeed, when longing for holiness does not turn into overwhelming obsession; when religious faith remains bound within our hearts and souls, defined by mitzvot and compassion rather than by acts of mayhem and destruction.

It is finally in Parashat Naso that we find the passage we know as the Aaronic, or Priestly, Blessing:  “May God bless you and keep you; may God’s countenance shine upon you and grant you grace; may God’s countenance be lifted up unto you and bless you with peace” (Numbers 6:24-26).

Peace—harmony between opposing forces—should be the ultimate goal for which we strive.  In reaching this ideal, we may have to subdue our passions somewhat, to control and place limits upon them so that they do not defeat the very purpose for which they were created. 

Only when we control our fierce emotions can we even begin to pray or hope for peace.  That, after all, is the blessing we seek more than any other from our God. 

The Torah would have us seeking for it first within ourselves.  Only then can we hope and pray for God to bestow this blessing upon us too.

As partners in holiness with our God, it’s only fair.



© 2014 by Boaz D. Heilman











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